Thursday, August 27, 2020

Enron's Collapse and Ethical Framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Enron's Collapse and Ethical Framework - Essay Example This was a spooky bookkeeping strategy that Enron thought of. In spite of the fact that the present acquiring look engaging, yet the benefits earned today couldn't be appeared later on articulations which made the future proforma fiscal summary looked a little weak.â Enron received another amazingly creative bookkeeping strategy of beginning to make progressively future agreements so as to offer monetary expressions of future years likewise look better. This made an endless winding and toward the finish of that winding was annihilation for the organization. There were sure other bookkeeping acts of neglect at Enron. They kept an obligation of $600 million off book just to ensure that the fiscal reports of the organization looked great. The motivation behind why this training isn't supported is on the grounds that it doesn't mirror the genuine bookkeeping position of Enron.â Debt would have decline the net estimation of the organization, and offer cost would have descended. In any case, this activity kept this from occurring and offer costs of Enron’s stock stayed steady. This is misdirecting in light of the fact that proprietors and financial specialists were assessing an organization at an a lot more significant expense than the genuine estimation of the company.â This is a case of an open infringement of truth and trust. Financial specialists normally select the top managerial staff to make the drawn out approach for them. Executives recruit administrators to maintain the business for them. This shows separation of possession and control. This implies proprietors are not legitimately controlling the business, however they depend it to their kin selected.... There were sure other bookkeeping acts of neglect at Enron. They kept an obligation of $600 million off book just to ensure that the fiscal reports of the organization looked great. The motivation behind why this training isn't supported is on the grounds that it doesn't mirror the genuine bookkeeping position of Enron. Obligation would have decline the net estimation of the organization, and offer cost would have descended. Be that as it may, this activity kept this from occurring and offer costs of Enron’s stock stayed consistent. This is misdirecting on the grounds that proprietors and speculators were assessing an organization at an a lot more significant expense than the genuine estimation of the organization. This is a case of an open infringement of truth and trust. Financial specialists normally select the directorate to make the drawn out approach for them. Chiefs employ directors to maintain the business for them. This shows separation of proprietorship and control. This implies proprietors are not legitimately controlling the business, however they depend it to their kin chose in the Annual General Meeting. These individuals than endow the obligation of everyday tasks to chiefs. Along these lines, there is a progression of trust contract being shaped. Morals of any activity necessitate that trust ought not be sold out and whatever happens truth ought to be advised to the genuine proprietors who have confided in the chiefs with their duty. The primary penetrate of trust in Enron case began when the executives began sending misdirecting reports to the proprietors to offer the money related expressions of Enron look solid. This is open infringement of truth and trust and shows that on account of Enron there was an away from of penetrate of trust. Another issue for this situation is the maltreatment of forces from executives. They began another arrangement of bookkeeping and began tricking the genuine

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Western culture Essay Example For Students

The Western culture Essay Western-arranged innovation has enormously influenced the development of individual personalities and sexual orientation relations around the globe. This paper will concentrate on the development of character, sexual orientation and sex relations inside the talk of Westernization and modernization during the late-Ottoman Empire and early Republican Turkey. It endeavors to show how social, political, and social organizations shape resident personality and how redefinitions of them influence character, sex, and sexual orientation jobs in the public eye. Inspecting the Pertev Bey arrangement of three books by Mi nevver Ayai lias essential source and some different social and chronicled writings of the late-Ottoman and early Republican period in Turkey, this paper intends to look for the terms under which new types of gentility and manliness were developed, particularly inside the private space of the family and out in the open discussions, during the mid twentieth century, which thusly changed sexual orientation relations all things considered. The Western commanded idea of modernization has assumed a significant job in the relationship of the West with non-Western nations. We will compose a custom paper on The Western culture explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The change of non-Western nations in light of the necessities set by the rules and measures of the West has brought about an assortment of social, political, prudent and social changes. Modernization has put the obligation on the non-West to try to the beliefs of this development so as to be considered as a major aspect of the system of the advancing nations. The impacts of modernization have been compelling on the development of individual and social characters. The development of sexual orientation relations because of a bunch of discussions on singular personalities has been a significant territory for looking at the social and social results of innovation, which have incredibly molded human collaborations into various headings. 2 During the mid nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire attempted to oblige its legacy comprising of political, social and social structures, foundations and qualities to the impacts of the extending Western provincial culture. Because of the breaking down inside the Empire, coming about, all things considered, from the wars and the impact of patriotism in the nineteenth century, the Ottoman culture needed to discover approaches to bind together the general public even with the loss of terrains and force. One of the answers for the Empire had all the earmarks of being Westernization among a few different patterns, for example, dish Islamism and Ottomanism. The acknowledgment of Westernization molded numerous parts of Ottoman life, particularly singular characters and sexual orientation relations. The beginnings of Westernization are for the most part connected with the Tanzimat Fermani (Imperial Decree) of 1839 gave during the rule of Abdi lmecid. The word Tanzimat implies guidelines, and is utilized to allude to the period somewhere in the range of 1839 and 1878 during which a significant number of Western-roused political and social changes were done in the Ottoman Empire with the point of comprehending the breaking down of the Empire. In spite of the way that the Tanzimat Fermani doesn't unequivocally make reference to anything about family, ladies and womens training, there have been contentions that it has by implication caused changes in the family and in the status of ladies. Rules for the conduct of ladies in the open area, new guidelines on the foundation of marriage, the accentuation on training for the improvement of relationships, the condition of family and ladies with the entire society brought about changes in the positions and life states of ladies. In this manner, it is critical to consider the Tanzimat time frame so as to look at the subject of what sorts of female and male personalities were talked about by both genders inside the system of Westernization and innovation moving sex relations in various ways. 3 Both the time of Tanzimat and later of the Turkish Republic, which was established in 1923 annulling the political arrangement of the Empire, are critical in the investigation of Westernization in Turkey. The methodology of the Ottoman and the Republican towards Westernization have contrasts just as likenesses and the two time frames in Turkish history have added to the development of individual and national characters, in this way it is critical to examine them two to comprehend the different verifiable powers that have influenced the arrangement of individual personalities and sexual orientation relations. In light of this reason, this examination paper utilizes the term Ottoman and Republican to allude to the two distinct periods and their adjustments in Turkish history and along these lines, to look at the impacts of Westernization on the issue of personality in Turkey. Strategy and Sources The accessible sources demonstrate the presence of roads for the Ottoman subject to react to new types of self-articulation, in this manner to voice singular concerns and inquiries regarding the inconvenience of new definitions on oneself. Writing was one apparatus that the intelligent people of the Tanzimat and later periods utilized so as to pass on various methodologies towards the impacts of Westernization on the arrangement of individual personalities. The characters and plots of books would, in an instructive way, attempt to show the peruser the suitable limits of Westernization. This exploration paper will examine the Pertev Bey arrangement by Mi nevver Ayai li , as essential sources, written during the 1960s about the crumbling of an Ottoman family during the mid twentieth century. It will attempt to give proof to social and social changes alluded to in the novel by analyzing considers done on different auxiliary sources, for example, verifiable story, paper articles, pictures, notices, and books about the social, political and social changes of the late nineteenth and mid twentieth century. The reason, on which the exploration is based, is that it is practically unavoidable for any non-Western nation to be influenced by the authority of the Western development, which has come about 4 much of the time of complex connections with the West. .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172 , .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172 .postImageUrl , .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172 , .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172:hover , .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172:visited , .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172:active { border:0!important; } .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172:active , .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172:hover { haziness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .udadf78702e5d4a2cb0a4ce9e2e19c172:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Music Censorship EssayThe substance of writings and contentions will be deciphered inside the explanatory structure gave by the auxiliary sources as far as the recorded setting of the period wherein the contentions occurred. Utilizing predominantly content investigation, this paper will look at social, social and political terms in writings for Ottoman subjecthood, citizenship, strict and national personalities and for the definition and proposed attributes of the adequate and endorsed current female and male people. Content investigation can help analyze the profound basic implications and suggestions behind the verbal contentions in social writings. Focusing on the aims, tones, and word utilization of the essayists of these writings, this examination will attempt to get at the individual perspectives, which can change from negative, incomprehensible, and iron to grateful, endorsing and celebratory, when stood up to with the topic of what sort of female and male qualities ought to be shaped inside the system modernization and Westernization. The instance of Turkey may be considered as a genuine case of the logical mastery of Westernization. In any case, it might restrict the capacity to make a general contention, as the heterogeneous idea of the Middle East, and of the non-West as a rule, would meddle with the thought of one explicit method of managing Western impact. The assortment of societies inside the district would challenge a cliché point of view on how every nation has managed the impact of the West. The assistant

Friday, August 21, 2020

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Connecting Through Sterns Concourse Project

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Connecting Through Sterns Concourse Project In December 2009, more than 500 NYU Stern alumni gathered for the Ninth Annual Stern Alumni Ball with something special to commemoratethe Concourse Ribbon-Cutting Ceremony celebrating the newly renovated concourse levels of Tisch Hall.   The renovation project began in 2008, when Stern embarked on a multiyear, $35 million transformation of the school’s physical space.   Known as the “Concourse Project,” it is the most significant renovation of the school’s facilities since the graduate and undergraduate programs were united at Washington Square. Funded by alumni such as John Paulson (BS 78) and Stewart A. Satter (MBA 82), as well as corporate partners and other benefactors, the project not only physically connects the school’s three buildingsTisch Hall, Henry Kaufman Management Center and Shimkinbut also improves aesthetics and experience for both graduate and undergraduate students by introducing natural light through a central stairway that creates a three-stor y atrium, new floor-to-ceiling windows and more public gathering space. An improved, upgraded MBA student lounge, expanded club space and new state-of-the-art classrooms are also part of the renovation. Gone are the dark, cinder block-lined hallways of old; in are new, modern open spaces that allow students to congregate, share ideas and connect! Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids New York University (Stern)

Monday, May 25, 2020

How to Calculate Mass Percent Composition of a Compound

Mass percent composition of a molecule shows the amount each element in a molecule contributes to the total molecular mass. Each elements contribution is expressed as a percentage of the whole. This step by step tutorial will show the method to determine the mass percent composition of a molecule. An Example  With Potassium Ferricyanide Calculate the mass percent composition of each element in a potassium ferricyanide, K3Fe(CN)6 molecule. The Solution Step 1: Find the atomic mass of each element in the molecule. The first step to finding mass percent is to find the atomic mass of each element in the molecule.K3Fe(CN)6 is made up of potassium (K), iron (Fe), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N).Using the periodic table:Atomic mass of K: 39.10 g/molAtomic mass of Fe: 55.85 g/molAtomic mass of C: 12.01 g/molAtomic mass of N: 14.01 g/mol​​ Step 2: Find the mass combination of each element. The second step is to determine the total mass combination of each element. Each molecule of KFe(CN)6 contains 3 K, 1 Fe, 6 C and 6 N atoms. Multiply these numbers by the atomic mass to get each elements mass contribution.Mass contribution of K 3 x 39.10 117.30 g/molMass contribution of Fe 1 x 55.85 55.85 g/molMass contribution of C 6 x 12.01 72.06 g/molMass contribution of N 6 x 14.01 84.06 g/mol​ Step 3: Find the total molecular mass of the molecule. The molecular mass is the sum of the mass contributions of each element. Simply add each mass contribution together to find the total.Molecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 117.30 g/mol 55.85 g/mol 72.06 g/mol 84.06 g/molMolecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 329.27 g/mol​ Step 4: Find the mass percent composition of each element. To find the mass percent composition of an element, divide the mass contribution of the element by the total molecular mass. This number must then be multiplied by 100% to be expressed as a percent.Mass percent composition of K mass contribution of K/molecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 x 100%Mass percent composition of K 117.30 g/mol/329.27 g/mol x 100%Mass percent composition of K 0.3562 x 100%Mass percent composition of K 35.62%Mass percent composition of Fe mass contribution of Fe/molecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 x 100%Mass percent composition of Fe 55.85 g/mol/329.27 g/mol x 100%Mass percent composition of Fe 0.1696 x 100%Mass percent composition of Fe 16.96%Mass percent composition of C mass contribution of C/molecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 x 100%Mass percent composition of C 72.06 g/mol/329.27 g/mol x 100%Mass percent composition of C 0.2188 x 100%Mass percent composition of C 21.88%Mass percent composition of N mass contribution of N/molecular mass of K3Fe(CN)6 x 100%Mass percent composition of N 84.06 g/mol/329.27 g/mol x 100%Mass percent composition of N 0.2553 x 100%Mass percent composition of N 25.53%​ The Answer K3Fe(CN)6 is 35.62% potassium, 16.96% iron, 21.88% carbon and 25.53% nitrogen.It is always a good idea to check your work. If you add up all the mass percent compositions, you should get 100%.35.62% 16.96% 21.88% 25.53% 99.99%Where is the other .01%? This example illustrates the effects of significant figures and rounding errors. This example used two significant figures past the decimal point. This allows for an error on the order of  ±0.01. This examples answer is within these tolerances.

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Csr Reporting Implications For Barclays Banks...

6F6Z3007: Assignment 2: CSR reporting Implications for Barclays Banks Environmental Sustainability Introduction ‘Corporate social responsibility (CSR), broadly defined as the notion that companies should accompany the pursuit of profit with good citizenship within a wider society, has become an increasingly prominent feature of business life over the last 10 to 15 years’ (Sadler and Lloyd, 2009:613). This quote from Sadler and Lloyd is a useful starting point in demonstrating the rapid rise and development of corporate responsibility. Global issues, in an economic sense with the global financial crisis in 2008 and in an environmental sense with the threat of climate change have aided in bringing to the fore a need for businesses and the corporate world to manage themselves and the services they offer in a more responsible and sustainable way. In particular reference to the financial sector this has attempted to be achieved through global financial sustainability agreements such as the Equator Principles. By entering into global agreements careful monitoring and reporting of a ban ks activities is required to create transparency in assessing their contributions towards corporate social responsibility and the achievement of sustainable practices in the financial sector. One of the banks currently signed up to the Equator principles is Barclays, as one of the largest global banks in the world with a 300 year history it is a company that serves 48 million customers worldwideShow MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesimpressive international growth of an Irish company driven from a ‘lean’ corporate centre. Numico – difficulties with diversification for a Dutch nutritional products company. AIB – competing in the global banking industry: the challenges for a mid-size bank. SABMiller – an African brewer takes on the world: learning to thrive in difficult circumstances. MacPac – from a New Zealand start-up to internationalisation in the outdoor equipment industry. Key: ââ€" Ã¢â€"  = major focus ââ€"  = important subsidiary focus Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizations 20 †¢ Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay on An Analysis of Shakespeares The Tempest

An Analysis of Shakespeares The Tempest There are many ways of interpreting Shakespeares The Tempest. A Post-Colonialist critic, such as Stephen Greenblatt, will look at the influence of historical and political implications of colonialism on the text. Along these lines, a Reader Response critic, such as Paul Yachnin, will look specifically at Shakespeares audience and their concerns at the time in which the play was written. Very different from these approaches, a Psychological critic, such as Bernard Paris, will completely ignore what was in the authors and audiences minds, and look at the psyche of the main character in the play. Regardless of which critical approach is used to analyze the play, all interpretations should be†¦show more content†¦Greenblatt also points out the large number of texts that Shakespeare had available to read when writing the play. For example, Shakespeare probably read the letter by Bartolome de las Casas to Prince Philip of Spain in which he argues that his countrymen should leave the New World since they were only bringing exploitation and violence. Shakespeare is also known to have read Montaignes essay Of Cannibals, where the French essayist wrote admiringly of the Indians and lamented the whole European enterprise (114). Montaigne protests that, there is nothing in that nation [the American Indians], that is either barbarous or savage, unless men call that barbarism which is not common to them (119). With all of this literature so readily available and so much discussion on the topic, it is impossible to ignore the presence of these ideas in Shakespeares mind and their influence on his writing. The relationship between Prospero and Caliban is like that of Europeans and the savage natives in the New World. Caliban is enslaved by Prospero, much like the natives were enslaved by the Europeans, who like Prospero felt themselves superior to these savage Calibans (114). Greenblatt does agree that when interpreting a literary work one can not just look at one form of interpretation and take it as the truth. He claims that, art that matters is not cement. It isShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Power and Violence in Literature Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Power and Violence in Literature Violence and power are both significant sources of conflict in the world we currently live in. Large animals exert their power over smaller ones through violence and through their consumption. In this example, we find the food chain. Humankind exerts their power through violence and power in a similar way, creating a hierarchy of power. Although not all violence is physical, it is still used to obtain control of another person or situation. HannahRead More Conflict and Harmony in The Tempest Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesConflict and Harmony in The Tempest   Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare describes a utopic world saturated with supernatural images and ideas which works to create the mysterious island where The Tempest takes place.   This is one of Shakespeares best examples of how a natural harmony reveals itself through the actions of discourse and confusion.   To illustrate this idea best one must examine the historical context upon which The Tempest is based.   Because this play was published in the early 1600sRead MoreEssay on Quest for Power In The Tempest1208 Words   |  5 PagesQuest for Power In The Tempest      Ã‚   I suggest that engraved into humanitys essence is the intense desire for power. William Shakespeares play, The Tempest not only depicts this concept, but breaks it down for the reader; enabling effective analysis of this concept. Through notable characterization, Shakespeare is able to convey key concepts regarding the idea of power versus ambition. Specifically, the role that ambition and the moderation of ones ambition play in the effectiveness of controlRead MoreWorld Events Influencing Shakespeare ¨s The Tempest Essay example1277 Words   |  6 Pagesthe â€Å"golden age† of poetry, music and literature. It was in the midst of European exploration that Shakespeare wrote, The Tempest. It would be safe to suggest that many of the worldly events during this time, such as the shipwreck of Sea Venture, global colonization, and the works of Michel de Montaigne, had prodigious influences on Shakespeare’s play, The Tempest. The Tempest starts aboard a ship in the middle of the sea caught in a violent hurricane. Members of the audience can hear Gonzola shoutRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tempest1229 Words   |  5 Pageswhen writing his play, The Tempest. One of Cohen’s theses though - thesis four â€Å"The Monster Dwells at the Gates of Difference† - appears quite prominently in Shakespeare’s work. The thesis articulates that monsters are divisive and often arise in a culture to make one group seem superior to another. Further, societies devise monsters in order to create a scapegoat for social and political inequities and instabilities that surface in that society. In Shakespeare’s The Tempest, the idea applies to CalibanRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare1351 Words   |  6 Pagesrank’s Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest’ as one of the most preeminent and descriptive plays addressing the role of colonial power and conquest in literature. On e of Shakespeare’s last plays, ‘The Tempest’ explores the direct parallel between the working proletariats and wealthy bourgeois. Therefore the focuses of this paper are the implications of hegemony and class alienation, the commoditization of human subclasses, and the commonalities with â€Å"The Tempest† and Shakespeare’s life. The analysis addressesRead MoreA Character Comparison of Macbeth and Prospero from Shakespeares Macbeth and The Tempest676 Words   |  3 PagesMacbeth and The Tempest can greatly compare to one another. From the very beginning, these two men are hard to understand and seem like your average warrior and ruler. Both of these characters are dealing with struggle of power; however, they both deal with this issue in different, interesting ways with different results. At the end of these two plays, we meet two entirely different characters than the ones that we were introduced to from the beginning. In Macbeth and The Tempest by Shakespeare,Read MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare1705 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Mr. Nath 5 December 2014 The Tempest Written between 1610 and 1611, The Tempest by William Shakespeare is the final play penned by the famous Bard. The play portrays the illusory struggle of power and conscience through the character of Prospero and his egocentric motives. Politically, the play can be seen as an analysis of important political issues relevant to that of oppression and imperialistic tendencies of the time. Artistically, The Tempest emphasizes the nature of art, more prominentlyRead MoreExamples of Shakepearian Revenge Tragedey in Othello and tragic Comedy in The Tempest1681 Words   |  7 Pagesis The Tempest. One of the most prominently occurring and important aspects of human nature that appears in Shakespeare’s work is the concept of revenge. In most of the tragic plays of Shakespeare, the avenger has his thoughts of committing revenge and towards the end causes his own downfall and also death and destruction of several other good and supporting characters. The main focus of this essay is to s how how Revenge leads to Destruction in Shakespearean plays – Othello and The Tempest. The mainRead MorePsychoanalytic Ideas And Shakespeare By Inge Wise And Maggie Mills1420 Words   |  6 Pagesfocus on psychopathic fiction characters in six plays Hamlet, Macbeth, twilight nights, King Lear, and the Tempest. The book when you read the reviews and the induction of the book is very misleading, the book should be called interpretations of other authors who have a written on the psychoanalytic some of Shakespeare s major plays. Whenever Mill and Wise that would give their analysis of what the train meant, to me did not make sense and the same with some of the authors in the book. The Authors

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Effect of Business Ethics on Business -Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the role of Ethics in Business, Benefits of being Ethical and how they affect Business Industry. Answer: Business Ethics: An Introduction Business ethics is also known as corporate ethics i.e. class of applied ethics that focuses on ethical principles and problems that generally arises in business environment. It is very imperative for the conducts of individuals and even for the conduct of entire organization. Organization of these ethics can be done by individuals, organizational statements and by the legal system. Simply, business ethics are organizational standards, norms or a set of value that define the action and behavior of an individual in a business organization. In past few years, customers have also started showing keen interest in ethical conducts of business and thats why business organizations are paying more attention on business ethics. For achieving strong position in long term, they have to consider business ethics. In fact retailer has to consider more on business ethics as compared to other businesses. The main motive is that retailers are the nearest to customers in supply chains. Now days custome rs are getting more aware not about the products but even about the ethics conducted by the organization. They dont even hesitate to react in case of unethical business practices (Ruiz-Palomino, Mart?nez-Canas Fontrodona, 2013). This report focuses on potential ethical issues in retail sector. The report also discuss about the role of ethics in business, benefits of being ethical and how they affect business industry. Challenges in business ethics Ethical issues facing retail sector Retailers in present time are trying to motivate the employees to behave ethically but sometimes, retail industry has to face some issues related to ethical practices. The issues can be related to sustainability, green practices, or ethical behavior etc. There are some ethical issues facing by retail sector, some of the ethical issues are described below- Green issue- Now days green issue is becoming a very popular topic as many organizations preferred to go green. It simply means less use of those activities which are harmful to the environment by the businesses. It means reducing the emission of CO2 gas, reducing wastage, reducing power usage and increasing the use of environment friendly power sources. Green products are generally expensive and thats why only 28% of the customers want to pay premiums for the green products. Environment related issues are the most popular issues in top retailers of the world. All the retailers accepted the environment as a key element of ethics related to a business. This highlights the importance of environment in business ethics (Arnold Valentin, 2013). Product safety- Since safety is the basic right of all consumers and it is also provided by the product safety acts that only safe products should be available to consumers in the market. Product safety means the level of risk available in using of product. Generally every product involves an accepted level of risk. It is the responsibility of everyone in the supply chain to provide safe products to its customers. Customers faith can be destroyed in case of selling of unsafe products. So it is very much Crucial to sell safe products to the customers. Ethical sourcing- This is the most crucial factor of business ethics. Government, trade unions and consumer groups are paying more attention on working conditions for those who are producing their products. Media campaigns also started highlighting the poor working conditions in factories and farms. Ethical sourcing is now become the corporate responsibility agenda for most of the retail organizations. Retailers are also implementing corporate norms or codes to properly ensure better working conditions to the laborers (Brunk, 2012). Sustainability focus of retail sector Now days, many industries used to take the principle of sustainability as one of their major challenges. As retail is a process of selling goods or services to its consumers and thats why they have to face major issues like carbon emissions, greenhouse gas emissions etc. the retailers have to check the products before offering it to sale so that they could not harm environment (Crane Mattey, 2007). They have to stock those products which can help in getting environmental goals like zero waste, reduce greenhouse gas emission etc. The company achieves these goals by proper training to its employees which involves two pronged strategy understanding of importance and creating awareness and then implementing the process. Well-planned corporate sustainability strategies help in minimizing the environmental and social risks and increase the profit of the business (Reisch, Eberle Lorek, 2013). Major stakeholders in retail sector The success of an organization depends upon the satisfaction level of the stakeholders. Stakeholders are those who are interested in the business activities and profit of the organization. Figure 1: Major Stakeholders The major stakeholders in the retail sector of any company are as follows: Customers- Customers are generally the stakeholder of the businesses. Now days customers are interested in low priced quality products and consumers attracted towards those retailers who offer low priced quality products. Since consumers are also the kingpin of market and thus retailers address the interests of consumers as stakeholders. Investors- Investors are generally interested in the profits of the industry because it will increase their earning per share. Investors also keep trying to lower the cost of the industry because it will increase their profit. Also, profit is the primary and most vital objective of any business as without profit there would be no business and thats why investors are the main stakeholders for any business. Employees- Since employees are the most Crucial resources of the organization. Generally, employees have two main interest in the organization i.e., job security and higher wages. Now days companies also make policies and norms for durable job securities of employees as without employees there would be no work in the organization. So employees are also the effective stakeholders for any organization (Hough, Green Plumle, 2016),. Suppliers- Suppliers are interested in high sale of their products with high profits. As not only high sales required, they also show keen interest to sell it in effective profitable way. So they always want to sell their products at high prices by the retailers but sometimes that may not be possible. So, suppliers are the least prioritized stakeholder of any retailer. Factors to manage business ethics Since ethics are related to values, conducts and behaviors so ethics programs are more process oriented than management practices. Ethics programs make deliverables i.e., strategies and actions, codes, budget substances, newsletters etc. The most significant feature from an ethics program management is the process that produces these deliverables. The most excellent ethical morals and behaviors are meaningless if they are not able to create fair and just behaviors in organization. So, strategies that generate ethical values, codes should also create actions and training that convert those values into suitable behaviors (Brunk, 2010). The best way for an organization to gain reputation is to demonstrate behavior. When the staff will aware of the ethics management, the more number of ethical issues can be identified. The best way to handle ethical problems is to avoid their emergence at first place. The process involved in developing ethical conducts will help the employees to follow that from the very beginning of stages (Burcea Croitoru, 2014). Importance of managing business ethics Business ethics has the key role in the growth and success of the organization in the operating market. There is significant importance of being ethical for any organization- Since every employee wants to be engaged with his or her job role in the business that is fair and right in strategies and actions. So being fair and honest is a basic human need. An organization which is fair in moral and ethical values has automatically able to generate goodwill in the market. Such organizations are respected in the society even they are of small scale. Ethics are the common line that brings employees and top management on a common platform and so organizations driven by values will always be united by employees (Biong, Nygaard Silkoset, 2010). Decision making is not only Crucial in life but also have much importance in any organization. Decision making driven by values not only help in success of any organization but also add to its goodwill for a long term. Figure 2: Ethics benefits Ethics also play a crucial role of securing the society. Ethics helps in implementing various laws which ultimately helps in safeguarding the society (Segon Booth, 2015). No business can function itself independently; it has to depend on other organizations for smooth functioning. The inter-relationship of the organization gets strengthened by adopting business ethics. Some social problems like strikes, lockout will not arise if the organization is following the business ethics as their will be fair and just relation between the employers and employees; customers and sellers. Conclusion In summary, this report discusses the importance of business ethics in retail sector. The report also highlights the fact that organizational profitability of any organization is improved by the use of ethical codes and conducts. From the above discussion, it is analyzed that there are some ethical issues which has to face by the retail industry. Further, it is analyzed that retail industry is focusing on the sustainability practices to get competitive advantage in the market. There are some factors that manage the ethics in the business. From the discussion, it is observed that ethics is Crucial in the decision making process in the business operations References Arnold, D. G., Valentin, A., (2013), Corporate social responsibility at the base of the pyramid: Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 19041914 Biong, H., Nygaard, A., Silkoset, R., (2010), The influence of retail managements use of social power on corporate ethical values, employee commitment, and performance: Journal of Business Ethics, 97(3), 341363 Brunk, K. H., (2010), Exploring origins of ethical company/brand perceptions: A consumer perspective of corporate ethics: Journal of Business Research, 63(3), 255262 Brunk, K. H., (2012), Un/ethical company and brand perceptions conceptualising and operationalising consumer meanings: Journal of Business Ethics, 111(4), 551565 Burcea, N., Croitoru, I., (2014), BUSINESS ETHICS: Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law, 6 Crane, A., Mattey, D., (2007), Business ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of Globalization, (2nd), New York: Oxford University Press Inc Hough, C., Green, K., Plumle, G., (2016), Impact of ethics environment and organizational trust on employee engagement: Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 18 Reisch, L., Eberle, U., Lorek, S., (2013), Sustainable food consumption: an overview of contemporary issues and policies: SSPP Journal, 9(2) Ruiz-Palomino, P., Mart?nez-Canas, R., Fontrodona, J., (2013), Ethical culture and employee outcomes: The mediating role of personorganization fit: Journal of Business Ethics, 116(1), 173188 Segon, M. Booth, C., (2015), Values Based Approach to Ethical Culture: A Case Study. Ethics, Values and Civil Society, 9, pp. 93-118

Thursday, April 9, 2020

Parkinsons Disease Essays - Neuroscience, Biology, Brain

Parkinson's Disease : Parkinson's disease affects the nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine. Parkinson's disease symptoms include muscle rigidity ,tremors , and changes in speech and gait. After diagnosis, treatments can help relieve symptoms. Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 3 :Dopamine levels in normal and a pakinson's affected neuron Stem cell therapy in parkinson's disease : Doctors firstly isolated adult stem cells from the patient's brain, they were then cultured in vitro and encouraged to turn into dopamine-producing neurons. As soon as tests showed that the cells were producing dopamine they were then re-injected into the man's brain. After the transplant, the man's condition was seen to improve and he experienced a reduction in the trembling and muscle rigidity associated with the disease. Brain scans taken 3-months after the transplant revealed that dopamine production had increased by 58%, however it later dropped but the Parkinson's symptoms did not return. The study is the first human study to show that stem cell transplants can help to treat Parkinson's. The use of fetal-derived neural stem cells has shown significant promise in rodent models of Parkinson's disease, and the potential for tumorigenicity appears to be minimal. The authors report that undifferentiated human neural stem cells ( hNSCs ) transplanted into severely Parkinsonian 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated primates could survive, migrate, and induce behavioral recovery of Parkinsonian symptoms, which were directly related to reduced dopamine levels in the nigrostriatal system ( 5 ) . Working with these cells, the researchers created dopamine neurons deficient in DJ-1, a gene mutated in an inherited form of Parkinson's. They report that DJ-1-deficient cells -- and especially DJ-1-deficient dopamine neurons -- display heightened sensitivity to oxidative stress, caused by products of oxygen metabolism that react with and damage cellular components like proteins and DNA. In a second paper, they link DJ-1 dysfunct ion to the aggregation of alpha- synuclein , a hallmark of Parkinson's neuropathology. ( 6 , HYPERLINK "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3068820/" \l "b7-ijhs-3-2-0227" 7 ) In summary most of studies using aborted human embryonic tissue indicate that: Clinical benefit does occur; however, the benefit is not marked and there is a delay of many months before the clinical change. Postmortem examinations show that tissue grafts do survive and innervate the striatum. PET scans show that there is an increase in dopamine uptake after transplantation. Follow up studies show that long term benefit does occur with transplantation . ( 8 )

Monday, March 9, 2020

Italian Present Perfect Tense - Il Passato Prossimo

Italian Present Perfect Tense - Il Passato Prossimo The passato prossimo- grammatically referred to as the present perfect- expresses a fact or action that happened in the recent past or that occurred long ago but still has ties to the present. It’s a compound tense (tempo composto), which means that you need to use an auxiliary verb  - either â€Å"essere† or â€Å"avere† -   plus a past participle. An example of a past participle would be â€Å"mangiato† for the verb â€Å"mangiare†. If you want to talk about events that happened repeatedly in the past, like going to your Italian lesson every Sunday, or telling a story, you’ll need to use the imperfect tense. Here Are a Few Examples of How the Passato Prossimo  Appears in Italian: Ti ho appena chiamato. - I just called you.Mi sono iscritto/a alluniversit quattro anni fa. - I entered university four years ago.Questa mattina sono uscito/a presto. - This morning I left early.Il Petrarca ha scritto sonetti immortali. - Petrarca wrote enduring sonnets. How to Form the Past Tense In order to form the past tense, there are two main things you need to know. Does the verb you want to use need the auxiliary verb â€Å"essere† or â€Å"avere†?What is the past participle of the verb you want to use? For example, if you wanted to say, â€Å"I went to Rome last summer†, you would need to use the verb â€Å"andare†. The verb â€Å"andare† takes the verb â€Å"essere† as a helper, or auxiliary, verb because it’s a verb that has to do with motion. Then, the past participle of the verb â€Å"andare† is â€Å"andato†. However, when you use the verb â€Å"essere† as an auxiliary verb, the past participle MUST agree in number and gender. Ad esempio: L’estate scorsa sono andato a Roma. - I went to Rome last summer. (masculine, singular)L’estate scorsa sono andata a Roma. - I went to Rome last summer. (feminine, singular)L’estate scorsa mia sorella e mia madre sono andate a Roma. - My sister and mother went to Rome last summer. (feminine, plural)L’estate scorsa siamo andati a Roma. - We went to Rome last summer. (masculine, plural) If you’re using â€Å"avere† as an auxiliary verb, it’s much simpler as the past participle does not have to agree in number and gender (that is, unless you’re using direct object pronouns.) For example, let’s use the sentence, â€Å"I watched that movie†. First, you need to use the verb â€Å"guardare - to watch†. The past participle of â€Å"guardare† is â€Å"guardato†. Then you conjugate your auxiliary verb â€Å"avere† into the first person singular, which is â€Å"ho†. The sentence then becomes, â€Å"Ho guardato quel film†. TIP: If the verb you’re using is reflexive, like â€Å"innamorarsi - to fall in love†, you need to use â€Å"essere† as your auxiliary verb. For example, â€Å"Ci siamo innamorati due anni fa. - We fell in love two years ago.† When to Use Il Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) Instead of L’Imperfetto (Imperfect) It is notoriously difficult to correctly decide between il passato prossimo and l’imperfetto when you try talking about the past in Italian. While there are some rules for when to choose one or the other, it’s also helpful to know which phrases are typically used with il passato prossimo. The following table lists some adverbial expressions that are often used with the passato prossimo: Common Expressions Used With Il Passato Prossimo ieri yesterday ieri pomeriggio yesterday afternoon ieri sera last night il mese scorso last month laltro giorno the other day stamattina this morning tre giorni fa three days ago

Saturday, February 22, 2020

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Assignment Example The measurement technique used was appropriate for the study, since the study took a sample of 204 students, which is a reasonable sample that is capable of giving valid results. The results of the reliability and/or validity measurements do not produce any caution in the possible replication of the study, but instead indicates a well undertaken study, where the results prove that the application of problem-based strategy is the most suitable for obtaining high learning achievements for primary school students. Case study 2 This case study applied quantitative measurement techniques, by sampling a total of 192 students from the sixth grade, to assess the effect of behavioral interactions and achievements of cooperative learning for group members who were trained to collaborate and facilitate each other's learning and those groups that were not trained, but merely instructed to help each other. The results of the study indicated that the members of the groups that were trained were co nsistently helpful to each other, compared to the groups that were not trained. ... The measurement technique applied was appropriate for the study, since random sampling was applied, which eliminated any chances of bias. Additionally, the samples picked were constituted of a suitable ratio of the high-ability, medium-ability and low-ability students. The results of the reliability and/or validity measurements do not produce any caution in the possible replication of the study. Case study 3 This case study applied quantitative measurement techniques, by sampling a total of 48 students to assess the influence of mastery and performance goals on the nature of children's collaborative participation while playing a problem-solving computer game with a peer. The results of the study indicated that those children who were assigned the mastery goals were involved in a very elaborate problem solving discussion, compared to the children who were assigned performance goals, who were observed to engage in a more help-seeking interaction, with a low level of meta-cognitive cont rol. The results further indicated that the instructions that were goal-focused are better placed to influence the nature and quality of children's paired interactions. Additionally, the study results showed that giving goal mastery instructions served to promote a highly collaborative interaction for the students. The measurement technique applied was appropriate for the study, since the sample of 48 students was further subdivided into two groups, comprising of the dispositional group, and the context-dependent group. Additionally, the children used as samples were organized based on the same gender, year group, and goal orientation, to ensure

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Protection or Free Trade for International Trade Essay

Protection or Free Trade for International Trade - Essay Example While both protectionism and free trade have their own advantages and disadvantages, the cost by far outweighs the benefits of protectionism. The arguments made in favor of protection are that the foreign producers have a â€Å"comparative advantage†, that protection helps the local infant industries flourish, that without protection importers would recklessly â€Å"dump† goods in the market, that protection protects the local producers, and finally, that protection prevents an imbalance of trade. However, each of these â€Å"perceived benefits† of protectionism comes at long-term costs which are far greater than the short-term benefits as explained below. The â€Å"comparative advantage† argument assumes that exporters from other countries have a strong competitive advantage that makes local producers less competitive thereby driving local companies out of business. For example, the labor cost in a developing country compared to that in a developed countr y puts some of the labor intensive local industries at a relative disadvantage. However, by moving to free-trade, countries are able to specialize in some other field where they have a comparative advantage. With such a specialization, the countries are able to take advantage of efficiencies generated from economies of scale and increased output. Also, free international trade increases the size of a firm’s market, resulting in lower average costs and increased productivity, ultimately leading to increased production. In the last few year, while China and India have taken up more work on the labor intensive industries, businesses in the developed countries have been able to actually take advantage of the lower cost and focus on their comparative advantage and invest more on research and development, and other high value added jobs. Besides, the comparative advantages do not last forever. Sooner or later, the advantage fades away. For example, according to Lyndesy Romick of gl obal envision, in China labor accounted for only about 2 percent of a manufacturing company’s total costs in 2000 but 2010 it was closer to 12 percent. That protectionism helps grow the infant industries is a misplaced fallacy. Government subsidizing of a new industry may channel too many resources into that industry, and can render the industry permanently inefficient and vulnerable to competition. Besides, most infant industries are at a competition from domestic competitors and not necessarily only importers. In the last few decades, the "infant" plastics, television, and computer industries have made out very well without any protection. Next, we consider the argument of dumping. Dumping may be defined as the overflow of cheap priced goods in order to under-cut the competition and gain market share. Now, if an importer starts dumping goods in a market, it would actually be good for the customers, and for the government in terms of revenue it makes no change. The only bad effect of dumping is for local producers. Logically, no firm can enjoy â€Å"dumping† as a sustainable strategy – selling below cost in the long-term would drive them to bankruptcy. Also, according to Rothbard, â€Å"†¦historical investigation has not turned up a single case where predatory pricing, when tried, was successful, and there are actually very few cases where it has even been tried.† The next pro-protectionism claim that it protects local producers is also at a huge cost. By protecting the local producers, there is no

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Essay Example for Free

The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Essay Born in North Carolina in 1808 to impoverished parents, Andrew Johnson had no formal education. He became a tailor’s apprentice at age fourteen. He later moved to Greenville, in eastern Tennessee, where he established a thriving tailor shop and went into local politics. Andrew Johnson was a lifelong Democrat and slave owner who won a place alongside Abraham Lincoln on the 1864 Republican ticket, in order to gain the support of pro-war Democrats. Their election was closer in the popular than in the electoral columns; in the end they pulled off a victory. Lincoln received fifty-five percent of the popular, and ninety-one percent of the electoral votes. Johnson became vice-president. During the time period between the election and Lincoln’s inauguration seven states left the Union. Worried that the election of a Republican would threaten their rights, especially slavery, the lower South seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. By the time Lincoln arrived in Washington, D. C. , for his inauguration the threat of war hung heavy in the air. On March 4th in 1861, the inauguration took place. Lincoln made sure to make no specific threats against the Southern states in his remarks. In his speech he extended an olive branch to the South, but also made it clear that he intended to enforce federal laws in the states that seceded. The second matter was the behavior of Johnson, who is said to have come to the ceremony in a state of intoxication. It was later said, that Johnson was ill and had merely taken and extra strong shot of whiskey; however, his behavior at the inauguration was to plague him for years. At about ten-thirty on April 14th in 1865, Andrew Johnson got the news that changed his life. John Wilkes Booth shot Abraham Lincoln while attending a play at Ford’s Theatre. His assassination had a long-lasting impact upon the United States. A few hours after Lincolns death, Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase swore Johnson in as President of the United States. An ardent admirer of Andrew Jackson, Johnson believed strongly in the former Democratic president’s idea of state rights, that is, a limited national government with the states having the power to handle all matters not specifically designated in the Constitution as federal responsibilities. During political campaigns he portrayed himself as a man of the people. Although Johnson came into the presidency with much political and administrative experience, the task confronting him would require extraordinary talents of leadership that Johnson had yet to exhibit. From the day of his inauguration until December of 1865, the question of Reconstruction was almost totally in the hands of Johnson, because Congress had recessed shortly before he took the oath of office. In those eight months, Johnson rushed to implement his own Reconstruction policies based upon his interpretation of Lincolns program. On May 29th in 1865, Johnson issued two presidential proclamations as part of his reconstruction plan. One was an offer of amnesty to pardon Southerners who had supported the Confederacy. Congress authorized general amnesties like this in 1862, as part of a law that permitted the confiscation of Confederates’ property. The Confiscation Act of 1862 allowed the granting of amnesties to those who were willing to declare loyalty. It also allowed the seizure of property as a punishment for rebellion against the United States. The government throughout the Civil War rarely used confiscation provision of the law, and the amnesty provision. The general amnesty Johnson issued excluded fourteen categories. Members of these excluded classes were able to apply for individual pardons. Johnson’s second proclamation, as a first step in restoring civil government, appointed a provisional governor for the state of North Carolina. It also called for a convention of the state’s loyal citizens to draw up a new state constitution. The North Carolina proclamation and other southern state proclamations; issued later, provided that delegates to a state constitutional convention must take the oath of loyalty given in the amnesty proclamation. Johnson then informed these delegates, that he expected them to draft constitutions for him. These constitutions would recognize the results of their military defeat by rescinding the state secession laws, ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment to abolish slavery, and rejecting the Confederate war debts. The president’s proclamations seemed reasonable enough, and some of their provisions were not significantly different from Lincoln’s actions during the war. Northerners supported Johnson’s wise first steps in rebuilding the Union. The Northerners weren’t troubled by the absence of black Southerners voting rights. The Northerners were on Johnson’s side. Johnson’s amnesty proclamation seemed to be working fine, therefore an effective way of preventing Confederate leaders from gaining too much power. However, once the pardons became easier to receive, and not as selective all of this changed. The Northerners were heated with Johnson when the pardoned Confederates began turning up in the new state governments. The anger in Northerners continued to rise when a new state constitution was drafted, along with some new laws passed by Southern state governments. Isobel Morin explains the laws passed in his book, Impeaching the President. Morin states, â€Å"The so-called Black Codes generally guaranteed the right of the former slaves to marry, to sue and be sued, to make contracts, and to acquire property. The codes barred blacks from voting, however, and severely restricted their ability to own land and to testify in court. Moreover, in an effort to compel the former slaves to work, many Black Codes required blacks to enter into labor contracts each year, with severe penalties imposed on them for contract violations. † (Morin 30) The last straw for much of the North was the large number of former Confederate officials elected to Congress in 1865. When Congress came back into session the Republicans were not happy. Various measures, some of which were central to the Reconstruction project, were passed, vetoed, and then passed again over the President’s veto. In total Johnson had more vetoes during his brief period in office, than the president’s before him put together. An adamant struggle for power was shaping up between the executive and legislative branches. The United States Congress passed the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, and made ratification of this amendment a prerequisite for readmission to the Union. Johnson opposed the amendment and urged the states not to ratify it. Edward Sagarin, a writer who studied at the University of New York, wrote a book about trials that changed history. One of these trials is Andrew Johnson’s impeachment. Sagarin explains Johnson’s actions, in response to Congress’s actions. â€Å"The President denounced the Freedmen’s Bureau and vetoed an 1866 act of Congress extending its life. He issued wholesale amnesties and pardons to the men whom he had so recently denounced as traitors, vetoed a District of Columbia black suffrage bill, denounced blacks as too ignorant to cast a ballot, and vetoed a whole series of Reconstruction bills as well as the historic Civil Rights Act of 1866. (Sagarin 75,76) Continuing his attack against Congress, Johnson went on a whistle-stop tour through numerous Northern cities. His severe tones and unrestrained manners during speeches got him thrown off the stand on multiple accounts, Congresses next step was the passing of the extremely controversial Tenure of Office Act, in an attempt to not only humiliate Johnson, but also to reduce his office to one of ineffectiveness so that he could not carry out his program, and would be forced to turn to Congress. Without the Senate’s consent, the president no longer had the power to remove from office those whom he has appointed. Convinced that the Tenure of Office Act was unconstitutional, Johnson removed the secretary of war, Edwin, and replaced him with a general named Lorenzo Thomas. When he did this, he acted under a provision of the Tenure of Office Act; however, he was immediately accused with violation of the law. Congressional leaders claimed that he was guilty of a â€Å"high crime and misdemeanor† such as demanded by the Constitution as a qualification for removal. Although Johnson’s arguments were reasonable, and he did a good job defending him self, the Senate was not inclined to take sides with the president. A couple days after Johnson’s dismissal of Edwin, the House of Representatives voted 126 to 47 in favor of the impeachment. The House drafted eleven articles of impeachment. Morin lists and summarizes Johnson’s offenses, â€Å"The first eight articles described specific actions by the president that violated the Tenure of Office Act. The ninth article charged the president with trying to persuade an army officer to violate the 1867 Army Appropriations Act. This article referred to a conversation the president had on February 22, 1868, with Major General William H. Emory, the commander of the Washington military district†¦The tenth article charged that in numerous public speeches the president deliberately tried to set aside the rightful authority and powers of Congress by subjecting it to disgrace, ridicule, hatred, contempt, and reproach. It also charged that he unlawfully attempted to prevent the execution of the Tenure of Office Act, the Army Appropriation Act, and the first Reconstruction Act. The eleventh article charged the president with declaring in a public speech that the Thirty-Ninth Congress, as a Congress of only some of the states, had no authority to exercise legislative power. † (Morin 55,56) About a week later, the House elected a committee of managers to conduct the prosecution of the impeachment before the Senate. The manager’s chosen, included two Republicans, John A. Bingham and James F. Wilson, who had voted against impeachment, and two of Johnson’s most outspoken radical opponents, Thaddeus Stevens and Benjamin F. Butler. The impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson opened before the Senate on March 13, 1868. A successful impeachment requires a two-thirds majority, or thirty-six of the fifty-four members seated in the Senate. Many Republicans, believing that the president’s guilt was obvious, expected a quick trial and conviction. Those who hoped for a speedy trial were disappointed. On the first day, Johnsons defense committee asked for forty days to collect evidence and witnesses since the prosecution had had a longer amount of time to do so, but only ten days were granted. The proceedings began on March 23. Senator Garrett Davis argued that because not all states were represented in the Senate the trial could not be held and that it should therefore be adjourned. The motion was voted down. After the charges against the President were made, Henry Stanberry asked for another thirty days to assemble evidence and summon witnesses, saying that in the ten days previously granted there had only been enough time to prepare the Presidents reply. John A. Logan argued that the trial should begin immediately and that Stanberry was only trying to stall for time. The request was turned down in a vote forty-one to twelve. However, the Senate voted the next day to give the defense six more days to prepare evidence, which was accepted. The trial commenced again on March 30th, opening with a three-hour speech by General Ben Butler. After the speech was concluded, the trial began. Johnson was represented by William Maxwell Evarts, leader of the American bar, and Benjamin Curtis, formerly a justice of the Supreme Court. The trial centered on the Tenure of Office Act. The two main questions concerning this law were whether it was constitutional, and whether it protected Stanton. The attorneys argued that the law was unconstitutional and that the President had not violated the letter of the law, because Stanton had been appointed by Lincoln, not Johnson, and that cabinet officers were meant to be advisors to the president, therefore when their services are no longer needed they should not stay in office. Another issue was whether Johnson’s belief that the Tenure of Office Act was unconstitutional relieved him of the duty to see that it was obeyed. His attorneys pointed out that the president’s obligation to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution required him to resist congressional attempts to limit his constitutional powers. The House managers responded that the president was obliged to obey the law regardless of his belief. Otherwise, the president could decide for him-self which laws to enforce and which to ignore. The trial went on for many weeks. The Senate met on May 16th to discuss the verdict. They felt that voting seemed to be their best chance for obtaining a conviction. The vote results were thirty-five to nineteen in favor of conviction; these results were one vote shy of the two-thirds majority needed for impeachment. The final vote maintained the principle that Congress should not remove the President from office simply because its members disagreed with him over policy, style, and administration of office. But it did not mean that the President retained governing power. For the rest of his term, Johnson was a cipher without influence on public policy. For the most part, historians view Andrew Johnson as the worst possible person to have served as President at the end of the American Civil War. Michael Les Benedict states his opinion on the impeachment as â€Å"the most insidious assault on constitutional government in the nation’s history. † Because of his gross incompetence in federal office and his incredible miscalculation of the extent of public support for his policies, Johnson is judged as the greatest failure of all Presidents in making a satisfying and just peace. He is viewed to have been a rigid, dictatorial racist who was unable to compromise or to accept a political reality at odds with his own ideas. Instead of forging a compromise between Radical Republicans and moderates, his actions united the opposition against him. His bullheaded opposition to the Freedmens Bureau Bill, the Civil Rights Act of 1866, and the Fourteenth Amendment eliminated all hope of using presidential authority to affect further compromises favorable to his position. In the end, Johnson did more to extend the period of national strife than he did to heal the wounds of war. The impeachment of Andrew Johnson, the first of only two Presidents to be impeached in U. S. History involved complicated issues of law, politics, and personalities.

Monday, January 20, 2020

The American Dream Today :: Essays on the American Dream

What is the American Dream, and who are the people most likely to pursue its often elusive fulfillment? Indeed, the American Dream has come to represent the attainment of myriad of goals that are specific to each individual. While one person might consider a purchased home with a white picket fence her version of the American Dream, another might regard it as the financial ability to operate his own business. Clearly, there is no cut and dried definition of the American Dream as long as any two people hold a different meaning. What it does universally represent, however, it the opportunity for people to seek out their individual and collective desires under a political umbrella of democracy. In the fifties, the 'age of suburbia', the American Dream was epitomized by the ability to own a home, live in safety and in a community of like minded souls. The great exodus from the cities to the suburbs defined the American idea of the good life'. The American Dream was and always will be something that makes America great. It allows those with aspirations to make them come true. In America alone needs is a dream and the motivation to carry out that dream. Ambition is the driving force behind the American Dream. It allows any one that has an aspiration, a desire, a yearning, to carry out the individual dream. It knows no bounds of race, creed, gender or religion. It stands for something great, something that every one can strive towards. A dream can be a desire for something great. In America, the American Dream allows dreams to become realities. According to Webster's New World Dictionary, the American Dream is defined as "An American social ideal that' stresses egalitarianism and especially material prosperity". To live this dream is to succeed. It allows anyone, rich or poor to have the opportunity to succeed. It is the ability to come from nothing and become so me thing. To succeed at any thing you do, you must have patien ce and persistence. It requires hard work, persistence and a desire for something better. To have these qualities and the desire and ambition to carry the moutis part of the American Dream. The Joy Luck Club is a prime source for everything that is represented in this dream.

Sunday, January 12, 2020

The advancement of human civilization

The development of products and modernization are in each other’s pocket.   People simply travel by foot before but now, mankind can travel by air, land and sea.A hundred years ago, a company doesn’t need computers to run its business. Today, the need to adopt information technology is a matter of necessity for the survival of business.   The advancement of human civilization is marked by advances in Sciences which is best manifested in the development of products and services available to the people.   As civilization advances, our needs also dynamically change.Advertising is at the core of change because it is primarily the method by which information about new things i.e. products and services are communicated or disseminated for the eventual adoption and acceptance of society. To say that advertising encourages us to buy things we really do not need undermines the important role it plays in introducing and initiating progressive change in society.Moreover, to view advertising in this manner connotes a negative idea because it would distort its static function of information dissemination to a means of manipulating people into believing something that is not true.  Ã‚   Advertising is neither good nor bad but is just a means to an end.Whether that end is good or bad makes advertising good and bad as well.   This on the other hand depends on the perspective of the person who views it or on which side the person is in terms of the information that advertisement carries. An advertising campaign for Nazism is apparently bad for most people but is good in the perspective of advocates of Hitler.Advertising is a component of the marketing process i.e. under product promotion which is designed to inform potential customers about a particular product and service of a company.   Following the essence of marketing, advertisements ultimately tell us about new products that may improve our lives.   â€Å"Marketing is the management process wh ich identifies, anticipates, and supplies customer requirements efficiently and profitably.† (Hoffmann).Products are developed through market research, which involve understanding needs and preferences of customers and finding a competitive edge or differentiating it from the weaknesses and strengths of one’s competitors.   Products are therefore developed ultimately as a response to the identified and anticipated needs of the people.   Advertising functions to communicate how innovations in new products are able to address those needs for the convenience of people and generally to improve life or advance the civilization.Of course, we don’t need cars, computers or any other appliances to survive. Mankind had evolved to have all the resources he/ she needed for basic survival.   However, mankind is also not static.   It is a rational creature in a constant pursuit to improve its life by creating new products and services.   Cars where invented even thou gh we have feet for transport.   Indeed, we don’t need cars for primordial survival, but transportation had definitely and progressively changed how mankind conducted life.Advertising played the crucial role of introducing not the need but the advantage and convenience of transportation or having a car in as much as it did for all other products and services.   Advertising therefore was essentially meant to inform people of new products that are meant to improve our lives because these new products and services where designed to address or respond to our needs and preferences   In which case, advertising partakes in setting social progress by introduction of new products and services.That advertising encourages us to buy things we really do not need may have stemmed from the idea of advertising as a tool for propaganda. Because propaganda as a form of communication through mass media is one sided, some modern theorists are critical and wary that this will be used by the powerful elites to impute and infuse values and beliefs which are not necessarily true but are meant to serve their own selfish purposes.   (Perry).In which case, advertisements are meant to persuade or shape people’s thoughts.   Such is the case for products and services that more than just being informative are astutely designed position product and create company image.They effectively incite people to buy things and patronize products in a subliminal and benevolent approach.   For instance, MasterCard’ priceless campaign emphasize on what is priceless; it gives less attention to the cost of what we buy or the need for buying it.   Nevertheless, credit cards indeed provide us the convenience of paying or carrying cash.   In which case, people need to be critical of the information that they receive.   Whether they need the product or service advertised is ultimately up to the consumer to decide.ReferencesHoffmann, Stefanie. Are the 4 P's of Internationa l Marketing of Equal Importance to All Firms? What Factors Might Cause Some to More Or Less Important Than Others? A Short Article, GRIN Verlag, 2008Perry, D. Theory and Research in Mass Communication: Contexts and Consequences. Erlbaum, Publications, 2002 Â